Evaluation of Different Pricing Strategies Free Essays

The models are based on the average cost approach to price setting but differ slightly In detail. The paper Initially examines the models from an analytical point of view. The paper then describes a simulation model used to evaluate the effect of both decision approaches over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Different Pricing Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the models are analytically similar the simulation results show that the long run behavior of the firm is significantly different under each approach. This work is part of the author’s PhD research and represents ongoing rather than completed work. Please do not quote without prior permission. Introduction This paper continues the author’s examination of firm growth using analytical and simulation modeling methods and which has already been discussed in Brady (1999; AAA, b and c; 2001). This paper specifically examines firm growth under two different managerial policies both of which use the average cost including demand pricing assumption discussed in Brady (2001). Methodology Two models identical in all respects but one were used in this research. Both models used the average cost including demand approach IEEE. Firms produce product at a certain cost and then set out to sell that product at a marked up price. The models defer in the policy adopted by the firm when production exceeds demand for their product. The firm in model A sells whatever quantity it can at Its marked up price as documented In Brady (2001). The firm In model B sells the quantity It produces at the price the market will bear [e. It sells at the price determined by the firm’s demand curve. Model A Is more realistic In that firms Immediately realism that they have exceeded their demand curve In that they are unable to sell product at the marked up price and either they Increase Inventory or goods perish. Model B Is less realistic In that firm’s cannot determine price with certainty from the demand curve (they do not know their demand curve with certainty): in practice firms must determine this price by some kind of atonement mechanism. Note Tanat tons osculation does not model ten atonement process itself; instead it determines the new price directly from the demand curve. In summary, when production exceeds demand, under model A the firm sells less product than it anticipates but holds its price whereas under model B the firm sells all it produces but at a lower price. Specifically model B differs from model A as follows: the demand function (P = a – BC) used is the inverse function to that used in model A (Q = a – BP); these two expressions are functionally equivalent. The models also differ in that in model A units sold were equal to the units produced or units demanded, whichever is the lower; in model B the price at which goods are sold is equal to the marked up price or the demand price (e. The price given by the demand function), whichever is the lower. In all other respects, including the values of all parameters, the models are identical. In the case of both models demand is held constant throughout the simulation ‘e. The demand curve does not shift upwards or downwards during the simulation. Also, depreciation has been set to zero during the simulation and fixed costs remain constant throughout the simulation (IEEE. There is no step increase in fixed costs as described in Brady, 2001). Results The results of the simulation for model A are shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. Examining firstly firm size, as measured by capital, we see in figure 1 that the firm increases in size until approximately period 50 and then firm size remains more or sees constant. To see why this is so we examine firm retained earnings as shown in figure 2. Here we see retained earnings increase monotonically until period 42 and then decrease asymptotically to zero. Figure 3 shows both revenue and total cost and clearly demonstrates this decline in margin. Here we see the firm maintaining its margin percentage until period 42; margin then declines dramatically until approximately period 60; margin continues declining asymptotically to zero. 01 2 0 1 Capital Accumulated_loss 125021002 Time Figure 1. Model A: Capital Retained_earnings 0050100 Figure 2. Model A: retained earnings This decline in earnings is due to the fact that production exceeded demand in period 42 as shown in figure 4. From that period onwards the firm incurred an increasing cost of overproduction and gradually its margin eroded completely. Although the change in period 42 is abrupt the firm comes smoothly to an equilibrium state (although unfortunately for the firm this equilibrium state is one of zero profitability). On the positive side, the firm never makes a loss as it stops increasing production at a point before its price drops below cost. How to cite Evaluation of Different Pricing Strategies, Papers

International Consensus on Pediatric Asthma †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Consensus on Pediatric Asthma. Answer: Introduction: Acute asthma can be defined as of the gravest health care concerns, and it has served to be one adamant disease which requires critical care initiatives and management of the symptoms for the patient to be free from any danger of exacerbations. However, the medical industry provides systematic and efficient care program for diseases like asthma efficiently, which can be considered the contribution of a vast array of technological innovation and pharmacological advancements in the treatment of respiratory disorders (Orihara, Dil, Anaparti Moqbel, 2010). Along with the innovations in the medicine and pharmacology in order to combat the diseases like asthma, the innovative changes in the care planning and implementation for the patients suffering from asthma has contributed significantly as well to the improvement of the care scenario (Klok, Kaptein Brand, 2015). A clinical discussion comprises of exploration and analysis of the assessment of the patient and key findings, underlying p athophysiology of signs and symptoms, and care initiatives to be taken to address the clinical manifestations of the patient. This assignment will attempt to explore and evaluate the assessment and care planning procedure for asthma, taking the assistance of a case study as a clinical discussion report. Primary survey: This case study represents the case of a 12-year-old patient named Hannah sparks who had been admitted to the emergency department of a rural hospital with the primary clinical issues of shortness of breath. She had been diagnosed with asthma three years ago, and the only medical management that the patient had been privy to had been salbutamol inhalers, used when needed. It has to be mentioned in this context that the care of any patent presenting a series of discomfort must begin with the initial assessment phase. Many frameworks and protocols have been developed for streamlining the process of patient situation investigation and assessment of the signs and symptoms of the patient. The primary survey assessment framework can be considered the most suitable and effective first stage of the entire assessment process (Buckley Gordon, 2011). According to the Levinson et al. (2017), the primary survey assessment framework is the key process of the paramedic practice as well, as it serves the first pedestal of care planning for the patient. This framework mainly deals with the rapid process of determining the level of urgency that is needed by a particular patient. And along with that, the benefits of this specific assessment framework is extended towards understanding the quickly and systematically the critical condition of the patent and the absolute care priorities. The primary survey usually is conducted using the DRABC approach which has five step by step assessment functions, danger, response, airway, breathing and circulation assessment. The first component is danger, where the patient will need to be assessed for any immediate danger that can lead to fatal consequences for the patient. Concerning this case study, there was no immediate pertinent danger to the patient. The next element of the assessment framework is response, and it is associated with understanding the levels consciousness of the patient (Akinbami et al., 2012). In this phase the AVPU scale is utilized to check if the patient is alert, is responding to verbal stimuli, responding to any painful stimuli or is unresponsive throughout or in any of the mentioned stimuli. Concerning this case study, the patient is alert and is efficiently responding to the all the stimuli, her verbal response is limited to 2-3 word sentences. The next element of the assessment is the airway assessment, where the competence of the airways of the patient is checked for any risk of future stridors. In this case, Hannah, the patient under consideration in the case study had been dealing with audible expiratory wheezing which indicates at obstructed airways and possibilities of future stridor. The fourth element is the breathing assessment, which is done to check if the patient is breathing with an average respiratory rate and whether the patient has ade quate ventilation. Hannah had shortness of breath with audible wheezing and respiratory rate of 28 bpm, which indicates at respiratory disorders and aggravated asthma. The last element of the assessment framework is the circulation assessment which helps in determination whether the patient has an adequate pulse or circulation. In this case, the patient had a pulse rate of 125 bpm and the blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg; which indicates at the higher cardiac output and slight hypertension (Moore et al., 2010). Underlying pathophysiology with 2 abnormal assessment findings: From the primary survey assessment framework, it can be stated that the patient had been facing the onset of worsening asthma indicated by the shortness of breath, wheezing, and high respiratory rate. Now it has to be mentioned that asthma is a very common respiratory disease and it targets a vast majority of the population across differential age groups as well. This particular disease targets According to the authors, the pathophysiology of this disease is complex, and it involves a variety of different respiratory complications like airway inflammation, intermittent airway obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. On a more elaborative note, it affects 235 million people worldwide, and despite being common in adults as well, this particular disease begins its onset in the children more commonly. It has to be mentioned that asthma is facilitated by the construction of the airways which in turn leads to inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus. Both of these factors together p romote wheezing and airway obstruction which can facilitate coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath as well (Murphy O'byrne, 2010). One of the most common phenomena in case of the asthma episodes is the onset of broncho-constriction. This process is facilitated when the inflamed airways produce a hypersensitivity reaction to the environmental triggers such as smoke, pollen, dust. This constriction then, in turn, produces excessive mucous which further blocs the already narrowed down airways and contributes to the obstruction. Elaborating more, the presence of the stimuli or allergen acts like a potent trigger in this scenario and leads to smooth muscle spasms in the bronchial airways which is soon followed by renewed inflammation and hypersecretion of the mucous in the airways leading to the infamous asthma attacks (Kaufman, 2011). Exploring the pathophysiology of the mechanism of the spasms, a bronchus functions by means of the autonomic nervous system which then functions by means of a parasympathetic reflex loop. This parasympathetic reflex loop is composed of afferent nerve endings present in the inner lining of the bronchus. The stimulation of the allergens is facilitated in the afferent nerve endings, which results into the travel of a significant impulse to the brain stem vagal centre and moves down the vagal efferent pathway and reaches back to the small bronchial airways facilitating the constriction and resultant intermittent spasms. The inflammation, on the other hand, is also facilitated by the immune response o the respiratory apparatus to the stimuli by the activation of the antigen-presenting cells (Orihara, Dil, Anaparti Moqbel, 2010). It has to be mentioned that, the two selected abnormal assessment findings from the primary survey assessment framework are the shortness of breath due to wheezing and high respiratory rate. The patient had audible expiratory wheezing and the ability to answer questions with 2-3 word sentences which indicates the severity of her airway obstruction and validates the choice of this finding. Along with that, the average respiratory rate is 18-20 breaths per minute, whereas the patient had a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute. Hence it had been chosen as the second abnormal assessment finding of the assignment. Considering the signs and symptoms of the patient it has to be mentioned that the stimulation by any external stimuli has resulted in the chain reaction of bronchial constriction in the patient; which has then led to airway inflammation, hypersecretion of mucous (Ozier et al., 2011). It can be the possible pathway leading to the presence of shortness of breath and wheezing in the patient due to airway obstruction, along with that the inflammation in the airways coupled with smooth muscle spasm would have resulted to increased oxygen demands in the body leading to the high respiratory rate at 28 breaths per minute. Nursing management in the first hour: Nursing priorities Nursing outcome Management interventions Rationale Shortness of breath with excessive wheezing. The patient will be relieved from the shortness of breath and the wheezing will subside. Along with that the normal relaxed breathing pattern will be facilitated in the patient. Assessment of the vital signs of the patient with assessment of respiratory rate, depth and rhythm. Assessment of the adventitious breathing sounds and oxygen saturation. Administration of airway clearance with sectioning intervention (Basole et al., 2015). Administration of necessary medication like beta 2 adrenergic drugs (albuterol, levalbuterol, terbutaline) It will help in determining the extend of the respiratory distress due to the asthma attack and the exact severity of her condition (Basole et al., 2015). Will help in understanding the severity of airway obstruction and bronchospasm. Cleared airways will facilitate better airway passage. These will serve the purpose of bronchodilation which will help in relaxing the bronchial smooth muscles, facilitating better airway passage (Papadopoulos et al., 2012). High respiratory rate and 91% oxygen saturation The patient will regain normal respiratory rate and the oxygen saturation of the patient reaches 98% Auscultation of the adventitious breathing sounds to check for wheezes or rhonchi and with effectiveness and duration of the cough (Papadopoulos et al., 2012). Entertain breathing exercises and suggest the patient to obtain recovery position to calm the patient and revive the breathing rate. Repeat airway clearance if needed and provide external oxygen masks. Encourage increased fluid uptake in the patient. Administer inhaled corticosteroids like budesonides, fluticasone, beclomethasone, and mometasone The breathing sound identification will guide the care plan to follow. The breathing exercises will serve as excellent nonpharmacological means to improve the expiration-aspiration ratio. Airway clearance will reduce obstruction and will facilitate better breathing (Bratton et al., 2012). Fluid uptake will improve renal input and output facilitating better comfort of the patient. It will help in the reducing the inflammation and reviving the respiratory rate back to normal (Halterman et al., 2011). Slightly high cardiac output due to anxiety The patient will be relieved from the anxiety and will be calm and relaxed throughout the stay. Assessment of the cardiac output of the patient along with the blood pressure. Assessment of different signs of anxiety in the patient by assessing the indicators like panic, fear, and uneasiness in the patient (Klok, Kaptein Brand, 2015). Assessment of theophylline levels in the body. Providing the means for relaxation to the patient such as calm quiet atmosphere and soft music. Encourage progressive muscle relaxation technique in the patient, diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing and repetitive use of relaxation phrases. The assessment will provide a clear idea regarding the cardiovascular risk. Anxiety can be a cause for shallow breathing and the underlying cause identification will guide the best suited intervention plan. As excessive theophylline concentration in the body determines the levels of anxiety this assessment will determine the severity of the anxiety in the patient and its impact on the cardiac output (Morse et al., 2011). The calm environment and soft muscle will to some extent reduce the tachycardia. The relaxation exercises will help the patient overcome the anxiety and feel calm so that the cardiac output decreases further. Management of her slightly high blood pressure. The blood pressure of the patient will reduce and will revert back to the normal levels. Assessment, monitoring and recording to the blood pressure of the patient and assessing the laboratory data that is available Assessing the presence of the quality of the central and peripheral pulse of the patient as well (Moore et al., 2010). Auscultation of heart tones and the breathing sounds. Administering mild diuretics to lower the blood pressure of the patient like the chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone, or Quinethazone. In case the patient does not retain normal blood pressure, administrating loop diuretics like the furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide. It will provide the nursing profession with the insight regarding the underlying reasons behind the hypertension. It will provide insight regarding the incidence and probability of the vasoconstriction Will determine any possibility of atrial hypertrophy in the patient. It will help in reducing the hypertension of the patient by providing slight vasodilation and reducing BP (Liu et al., 2010). It will help in providing diuresis in the patient by inhibiting resorption of sodium and chloride in the body. Conclusion: It has to be understood in this context that any disease can turn life-threatening with the lack of immediate and effective intervention applied to the scenario. The delay in the administration of the care interventions can have a significant detrimental impact on the disease progression pathway and can even lead to fatal consequences for the patient. Therefore, the only method to ensure that the patient is going to attain immediate care intervention, prompt and effective assessment is an absolute requirement. The primary assessment framework provides the excellent tool for the registered nurses to effectively and successfully complete the task of assessing the different physical manifestation of the disease the patient is suffering from. The registered nurses are benefitted exponentially by the use if the DRABC primary survey assessment framework which provides the students with the opportunity to rapidly identify and articulate immediate responses for each care priority of the patient, in turn avoiding the chances of the patient deteriorating towards life-threatening abnormalities. This assignment provided an excellent opportunity to understand the importance of primary survey assessment framework and the context of medical practice that it can apply to effectively. And it will be an extremely beneficial stepping stone in the process of learning the key roles and responsibilities of a registered nurse while caring for an acutely ill patient approaching life-threatening condition. References: Akinbami, L. J., Bailey, C. M., Johnson, C. A., King, M. E., Liu, X., Moorman, J. E., Zahran, H. S. (2012). Trends in asthma prevalence, health care use, and mortality in the United States, 2001-2010. Retrieved from https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/12331 Basole, R. C., Braunstein, M. L., Kumar, V., Park, H., Kahng, M., Chau, D. H., ... Lesnick, B. (2015). Understanding variations in pediatric asthma care processes in the emergency department using visual analytics.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,22(2), 318-323. Doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocu016 Bratton, S. L., Newth, C. J., Zuppa, A. F., Moler, F. W., Meert, K. L., Berg, R. A., ... Carcillo, J. A. (2012). Critical care for pediatric asthma: wide care variability and challenges for study.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,13(4), 407. Doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e318238b428 Buckley, T., Gordon, C. (2011). The effectiveness of high fidelity simulation on medicalsurgical registered nurses' ability to recognise and respond to clinical emergencies.Nurse Education Today,31(7), 716-721. Doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2010.04.004 Halterman, J. S., Riekert, K., Bayer, A., Fagnano, M., Tremblay, P., Blaakman, S., Borrelli, B. (2011). A pilot study to enhance preventive asthma care among urban adolescents with asthma.Journal of Asthma,48(5), 523-530. Doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.576741 Kaufman, G. (2011). Asthma: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.Nursing Standard (through 2013),26(5), 48. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/30eb520f6edffed05588ffead92f5a4f/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=30130 Klok, T., Kaptein, A. A., Brand, P. L. (2015). Non?adherence in children with asthma reviewed: The need for improvement of asthma care and medical education.Pediatric Allergy and Immunology,26(3), 197-205. Doi: 10.1111/pai.12362 Levinson, M., Kelly, D., Zahariou, K., Johnson, M., Jackman, C., Mackenzie, S. (2017). Description and student self?evaluation of a pilot integrated small group learning and simulation programme for medical students in the first clinical year.Internal medicine journal,47(2), 211-216. Doi: 10.1111/imj.13332 Liu, A. H., Gilsenan, A. W., Stanford, R. H., Lincourt, W., Ziemiecki, R., Ortega, H. (2010). Status of asthma control in pediatric primary care: results from the pediatric Asthma Control Characteristics and Prevalence Survey Study (ACCESS).The Journal of pediatrics,157(2), 276-281. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.017 Moore, W. C., Meyers, D. A., Wenzel, S. E., Teague, W. G., Li, H., Li, X., ... Gaston, B. (2010). Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,181(4), 315-323. Doi: 10.1164/rccm.200906-0896oc Morse, R. B., Hall, M., Fieldston, E. S., McGwire, G., Anspacher, M., Sills, M. R., ... Shah, S. S. (2011). Hospital-level compliance with asthma care quality measures at children's hospitals and subsequent asthma-related outcomes.Jama,306(13), 1454-1460. Doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1385 Murphy, D. M., O'byrne, P. M. (2010). Recent advances in the pathophysiology of asthma.Chest,137(6), 1417-1426. Doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1895 Orihara, K., Dil, N., Anaparti, V., Moqbel, R. (2010). Whats new in asthma pathophysiology and immunopathology?.Expert review of respiratory medicine,4(5), 605-629. Doi: 10.1586/ers.10.57 Ozier, A., Allard, B., Bara, I., Girodet, P. O., Trian, T., Marthan, R., Berger, P. (2011). The pivotal role of airway smooth muscle in asthma pathophysiology.Journal of allergy,2011. Doi:10.1155/2011/742710 Papadopoulos, N. G., Arakawa, H., Carlsen, K. H., Custovic, A., Gern, J., Lemanske, R., ... Zar, H. (2012). International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma.Allergy,67(8), 976-997. Doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02865.x Petsky, H. L., Cates, C. J., Lasserson, T. J., Li, A. M., Turner, C., Kynaston, J. A., Chang, A. B. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis: tailoring asthma treatment on eosinophilic markers (exhaled nitric oxide or sputum eosinophils).Thorax, thx-2010. Doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201712 Szefler, S. J. (2011). Advancing asthma care: the glass is only half full!.Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,128(3), 485-494. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.07.010

Tourism Distribution System-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Choose a Segment or function within a Tourism Distribution System. This assessment examines segments or functions within a global context rather than from an Australian Perspective. Answer: The tourism distribution system determines the linking between the customers and tourism suppliers. The study would focus on the tourism distribution process with special reference to the airline segments. The airline in industry often involves the direct distribution process that ensures the direct dealing with the travelers. This particular segment is chosen for building up the insightful understanding regarding the business dealings of the airline industry to gather more customers interests. It is also focusing on the management of the airline services to draw the attention of the target customers or travelers. The global distribution system is the key reservation tool for the travel business. It is a well accepted fact that the necessity is the mother of all invention. The travel industry is not an exception in utilizing this proverb in their business management process. The transformation brought to the travel technology has been changing the airline distribution process much si gnificantly. The topic is selected for gathering the significant ideas about the procedures associated with the global distribution system in the airline segment. It took 3 days to select a relevant topic related to this subject matter. The key stakeholders involved with the airline distribution process are the travelers, aviation management team, host, security personnel, and the engineers. It is necessary to develop the structured ideas about the significance and relations with the overall distribution system. The study determines that the systematic distribution process establishes the effective relationship with the travelers. The airline distribution depends on the needs and demands of the travelers while boarding the flight. However, the deregulation policies in the aviation industry are sometimes much challenging for the airline companies. Moreover, the increasing value in the Tourism Distribution is contributing more to the economic factor of the country. The study thus provides the major innovations brought to the aviation industry for facilitating the well-improved distribution procedures. However, it is also noticed that lack of proper knowledge related to the use of the latest technologies for the distri bution purposes is the significant challenges faced in the airline industry. Moreover, the improper hospitality management is also affecting the proper distribution process. Considering such significant challenges, it can be predicted that the airline industry requires focusing on providing the clear ideas about the entire supply chain process. The opportunity of establishing the effective training and development session would also be beneficial for the airline industry. Moreover, it is required to utilize the deregulation process in a positive way to ensure the positive outcome. However, the future developments depend on the structured technological assessment, which is necessary to be implemented for measuring success. On appositive note, it can be predicted that the maintenance of the Tourism Distribution process on a global context would increase the profitability parameter. The focus on the further technological developments and advancements are needed to be embraced to facilitate the most effective distribution process. In addition to this, adopting the global distribution policies would also be much helpful in securing the competitive future of t he airline industry.

Accounting for Managers Global Reporting Initiative

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers for Global Reporting Initiative. Answer: Introduction The Global Reporting initiative is a widely used global reporting framework that provides direction to the companies. The companies by applying these guidelines improve their disclosure relating to sustainability. The Blackmore is the largest health care business of Australia. In this report an attempt is made to analyze the environmental and social impact of the Blackmores operations (Hahn Khnen, 2013). The GRI guidelines and the changes in the annual reports that are required in annual report are also discussed. The report highlights the benefits that the potential investors, shareholders and other stakeholders will have on implementing of the GRI guidelines by the Blackmores. Features of Blackmores Maurice Blackmore 1932 established the company Blackmores and since then the company has come long way to become the Australia leading health care company. The company has combined traditional methods with the scientific methods for providing optimal well being and health (Junior et al., 2014). The company uses ingredients from around the world for producing extensive range of products that includes herbal supplements, mineral supplements, vitamins and nutritional foods. The products made comply with the rules laid down in Australian Manufacturing Standards and quality checks are conducted at regular intervals. The Blackmores is a publicly listed ASX100 company with $2.3 billion market capitalization. The company was unable to maintain stock for the growing demands in the Asian market. As a result, the company has entered into number of partnership arrangements and invested heavily in the capacity building of the company. The company also maintained inventory of critical scare raw materials so that the company could maintain the stock of the products in the vulnerable markets (Fernandez-Feijoo et al., 2014). The company has seen a 52% increase in sales during the year 2016. The company has incurred total expenses of $454.00 million in operation during 2016, which is a 43% increase in expenses from the previous year. The sales related expenses has incased by 46% to become $225.00 million during the year. The increase in expenditure and growth of sales related expenses along with sales growth figure shows that the company is focused on product innovations and sales (Gherardi et al., 2014). The positive effect of the heavy expenses is that the company in just last 12months has managed to produce 43 million capsules and 486 million tablets and has shipped them to around 25000 retail partners across the globe. This also reflects the unprecedented demand of the products of the Blackmores (Islam et al., 2016). The company has undertaken various capacity building initiative to meet the customers demand and maintain the quality standard. The company has increased its staff and has shifted the packaging facility. The company has audited suppliers to find most secured suppliers that maintains high standard of quality (Fonseca et al., 2014). It has increased its warehouse facility across Australia. The company in order to carter to the demands of the domestic and international market has invested in plant equipment that will increase the production capacity from 4000 tablets per minute to 13000 tablets per minute. Environmental and Social Impact of the Blackmores operation The company heavily relies on natural environment for its wide range of products. Therefore, the company is committed in practicing environment sustainable operation. The term sustainable development means economic progress or development without damaging or depleting the environment (Adams et al., 2014). The company not only focuses on environmental protection but also incorporates corporate governance, responsibility to the community and workplace practice into sustainable development. Environmental Impact The company is continuously engaged in exploring alternative ways so that the environmental impact of its operation could be minimized. In order to reduce its environmental impact from packaging operation the company has signed the Australian packaging covenant. This is changing the operating culture of the business by combing the efforts of government, business and community to find a sustainable packaging solution of the business. The company uses glass for packaging its product to reduce its waste (Higgins et al., 2015). The company in the year 214 has initiated a process called close loop for bulk deliveries in packaging facility. This initiative has reduced the waste and cost thereby increasing the operating efficiency of the company. The companys other environmental friendly initiative is that it has adopted a paperless order picking. The headquarters of the company also has numerous environmental sustainable features as it has own electricity generation plant that runs in para llel with local grid. The company also promotes bio diversity in the local environment. Social impact The company is committed for long-term social responsibility. The company always held the firm believes that if the peoples are taken care off then people will take care of other issues. The company in order to promote its corporate values positively influences society through its education, research and social participation initiatives. The company is dedicated in building local and global partnership so that a culture of health and wellbeing could be established. The primary aim of the company is to build marketplace, community and supportive work force. The company has supported more than 50 charitable institutions and numerous individual for creating brighter future (Farneti Rammal, 2013). GRI guidelines The G4 sustainability reporting launched by The Global reporting initiative has improved sustainability reporting and it has helped the reporters and the shareholders. The GRI guideline offers description of the reporting process that is applicable to all the organizations that are preparing sustainability report. In accordance with this guideline, the reporting organization is required to disclose the critical impacts the business operation has on society, economy and environment (Lee Vachon, 2016). The impact whether positive or negative both are to be disclosed as per the requirement. This generates standardized relevant informations that is reliable and is useful in assessing the opportunities and risks. This guideline has enabled both the stakeholders and the business to make a more informed decision. These guidelines have been designed so that they can be implemented in any type of organization across the globe. The GRI in 2000 has recommended a structure of the report with si x key elements of CEO Statement, Profile of reporting organization, executive summary and key indicators, strategy and vision, policies, management system and performance. In 2002, separate executive summary statement was removed and the CEO statement was removed to vision and strategy section. The GRI requires the company to consult with the stakeholders and to report the outcomes of such consultations (Bhaduri Selarka, 2016). The primary aim of the sustainability report is to provide new opportunities for positive change, doing business with the sustainable development for better social development and to provide long-term sustainable financial performance of the company. The Blackmores in 2016 has prepared its first sustainability report. This report provides the basis for future reporting. The report has been prepared with the extensive consultation of stakeholders as per the requirements of the GRI guidelines. GAP Analysis The G4 sustainability guideline must be applied in preparing the sustainability report by the organizations. The content of the sustainability report prepared by the company should: Identify relevant areas and the effects on the activities, service, product and relationship should be assessed; It should be identified whether the impact occurs within the organization or outside the organization; The identified aspects should be prioritize according to the materiality and it should be decided how much coverage to be given to the various aspects; The managements approach should be disclosed; The indicators that are related to the material aspects should be disclosed; The Blackmores has started the sustainability report on 2016 so the annual reports prior to these periods are analyzed. This analysis is conducted to find the gap in the information presented in the annual report. The G4 sustainability guideline has given more emphasis on materiality. According to the GRI guideline, the contents of the report should be focused and the issues that are most critical to the business should be reported in details. The report therefore should focus on material issue that is known as Material Aspect and the focus should be maintained throughout the report (Lee 2015). The report should also mention the initiative taken by the management in order to manage the material aspects. This is provided in the report under the heading Disclosure on management approach. The report should highlight the impact of the material aspects identified. The report must explain the process of identifying the material aspects and hoe the stakeholders are involved in the process ( Ong et al., 2016). The Blackmores in 2015 has not prepared the annual report in accordance with the GRI guidelines. As a result, the annual report does not include the identification of material aspects and there is no disclosure on management approach. If the guideline had followed then the annual report of the company would include the above-mentioned requirements. The implementation of this guideline will help the company to shorter the organization report as the disclosure of material aspects will be in the form of lists. The company is required to assess the impact of each of the material aspects. This is known as the boundary. In order to comply with the GRI guidelines the Blackmores in its annual report is required to disclose the process that is applied to define the impact of the material aspects (Goswami Lodhia 2014). The companies will be required to document and report on the process in the annual report. The GRI guideline provides that the company can prepare a report using any of the two in accordance level. This two reporting methods are preparing the report meeting the in accordance criteria and preparing the report without meeting the in accordance criteria. The Blackmores can choose to follow the criterias to achieve the in accordance level or it should prepare the report without using in accordance and simply following the GRI guidelines (Boiral Henri 2015). The GRI guideline gives importance to the supply chain issue. It requires that the company must disclose how the social and environmental issues relating to the supply chain are managed. The guideline requires the company to disclose the followings: The procedures for screening the suppliers in accordance with the social and environmental impacts; The identification of the actual and potential negative impact related to the supply chain; The actions taken to reduce or mitigate the impact should be disclosed; The grievance related to supply chain management should be identified and the steps that are taken to mitigate such grievances should be disclosed; The Blackmores is required to design and implement a process for evaluating the impacts of the supply chain. This will require new process to identify the suppliers that have negative social and environmental impact. Benefits of GRI The GRI guidelines provides a framework that address the broad performance relating to social, environmental and economic issues and how it is reported to the stakeholders. This guides the organization in proving the impact. It is a widely used method for sustainability reporting so it increases the comparability of the results of different organizations across the globe. The reporting requirements of this guidelines enhances the accountability of the company as a result the more interested in assessing the impact of their operations. This accountability and the assessment of the operation of the business are helping in developing a more cohesive society. The sustainability reporting has also helped in building trust between the company and stakeholders (Adams 2013). There are investors that only invest in a more sustainable way of business. The sustainable business practice is very important for attracting potential investors. The reporting under GRI guidelines provides all the info rmation relating to sustainable business practice in a more systematic manner therefore potential investors give much value to this report. The supply chain management has been given huge focus in GRI guidelines therefore company will provide equal attention to all the stakeholders and not only investors. Conclusion The study above has shown that the GRI guidelines of sustainable reporting are an integral part of holistic reporting. The reporting based on GRI guideline helps the company to increase its reputation and efficiency. This reporting also aims to provide numerous benefits to other stakeholders. In conclusion it can be said that sustainable reporting has helped Blackmore to gain more efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in operations. This has in turn positively affected the performance of the business. Part B. 1 Global Therapeutics was established in 1999 by Byron Bay. Theproduct range of the company is the combination of modern scientific medicines and ancient Chinese medicine. In analyzing the financial statement of the company, it is found that major expense is the cost of inventories that are sold, then major expense is the employee benefit related expenses and another significant expenses of operation is operating lease payments. Therefore the significant costs of the Global Therapeutics related to operations are inventory cost, employee related expenses and lease payment. Another significant cost of the company apart from the current operating costs is the selling and distribution costs (DRURY 2013). 2. The change in the different type of costs due to change in the production level is referred to as cost behavior. There are primarily three types of costs according to the cost behavior. These costs are fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs. The fixed costs are those costs that do not change with the fluctuation in the level of production. These costs are incurred even if no units are produced for example rent. The number of units produced increases then the fixed costs per unit decreases and vice versa (Chen et al., 2012). The variable costs are those costs that are directly related to productions. The variable costs increases as the number of units produced increases and vice versa. The per unit variable costs always remains constant and does not change with the number of units produced. There is another type of cost that is a mix of variable and fixed costs this is known as semi variable costs. An example of semi variable costs is telephone expense (Hibbard et al., 20 13). The mixed costs are spitted in fixed and variable costs with the help of cost behavior analysis technique. In the case of Global Therapeutics the major costs of operations that were identified are inventory costs, employee related expenses and the lease payment. The inventory costs are variable costs because the inventory costs changes with change in production level. The lease payments are example of fixed costs because the lease payment is not affected by the level of production. The employee related expenses are the example of semi variable costs as there is a component of both fixed salary and variable bonuses and commissions (Armstrong, 2014). 3. In order to ascertain whether the breakeven analysis is an important tool for evaluating the desirability of Global Therapeutic acquisition it is important to have an understanding of breakeven analysis its advantages and disadvantages. The analysis of the relationship between the costs and profit volume at various activity levels is referred to as breakeven analysis. The breakeven point is that level of activity where the business makes neither profit nor loss (Hedman et al., 2012). At this level, the total money received from sales is spent for producing the item of sales. There are certain advantages of break-even analysis this are: It helps to measure profit and loss at different levels of productions and sales; It helps to predict the change in sales price; It is helpful in analyzing the relationship between the fixed and variable costs; There are certain disadvantages of breakeven analysis and this are: It is assumed that sales price are constant at all levels of production; It is also assumed that the production and the sales are the same; The breakeven analysis chart requires a lot of time to be prepared; It is applicable only for single product or single mix products; The breakeven point indicates the total amount of sales that the business needs before it starts earning profits. The breakeven analysis helps the business to identify the excessive fixed costs and reducing these fixed costs will help the business make more profit. In evaluating a business for acquisition, it is important that the cost behavior should be appropriately analyzed if breakeven analysis is to be used as the decision making tool (Cuganesan et al., 2012). The analysis of costs behavior means the determination of fixed, variable and mixed costs. This will help to identify the inefficiencies that could be reduced by reducing the costs. The decision making using break-even analysis means a project that helps in achieving the breakeven point early will be considered as a suitable project (Nekarda Ramey, 2013). Therefore reduction in fixed costs and achieving the break even early will be the only factors that would be considered in decision. If the profitability in short term i s the primary decision making objective then the breakeven analysis is the suitable method for screening projects. 4. Then balance scorecard is a strategic management and planning tool that is used by the business to align its activities with the vision statement of the organization. The balance scorecard approach makes a holistic view of the organization. It helps to improve the performance of the organization by measuring that is important (Grant, 2016). The balance score card approach analyses the business with the four perspectives this are financial, internal business process, customer, growth and learning. Financial Perspective In the financial perspective, the first objective is to increase the sales growth and the second objective is to increase the return on capital employed. In order to achieve the objective of sales growth the company is required to spend more on advertising the Chinese medicine and create channels with the established practicetioner of Chinese medicine (Kotas, 2014). The company in order to increase sales can also arrange for workshops promoting the importance and popularity of Chinese medicine. The second objective is to increase return on capital employed. In order to achieve this objective it is important that the company increase its profit. The profit can only be increased by reducing costs and increasing sales (Shephard 2012). The company can achieve both the increase in sales and reduction in costs by achieving optimum and functioning efficiently. This is could be helpful in evaluating the performance of the business. Customer perspective In the customer perspective, the primary objective is to attain customer satisfaction and another objective is to increase market share. The company can achieve the objective of customer satisfaction if the medicine is authentic and helpful in curing the diseases (Uyar Kuzey, 2016). The available of the medicine across the medical stores are important for customer satisfaction. In order to achieve the objective of increasing market share the company is required to aggressive marketing for capturing the market, increase the visibility of the product, create new distribution channels etc (Monczka et al., 2015). Internal business process perspective In internal business process, perspective the objective of the company is to increase the modernization of the process and the other objective is to manage inventory appropriately. In order to achieve the objective of modernization it is important to note that the Chinese medicines are ancient techniques so technology should be used prudently. The technology that increase productions and reduces costs should be adopted to attain this objective (Schuster 2015). The objective of proper inventory management can be achieved if the inventories are appropriately accounted in either the FIFO or LIFO basis. The stock levels should be appropriately evaluated and calculated so that there is no shortage of stock and unnecessary funds are not blocked in the stock. Learning and growth perspective In the learning and growth perspective, the two objectives are job satisfaction of the employees and training and learning opportunities to the employees. The company can attain the objective of job satisfaction by giving employees the best suitable jobs and by providing best working environment (De Zoysa et al., 2014). The company can attain the other objective by providing educational and learning facility. Part C 1. a) Statement showing calculation of Breakeven point and sales Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Fixed Costs $ 58,783.78 $ 58,783.78 $ 27,432.43 Contribution per unit $ 4.35 $ 5.55 $ 2.80 Breakeven point 13512 10590 9794 Break even sales $ 105,392.81 $ 100,609.41 $ 54,849.19 b) Statement showing calculation of profit after tax Particulars Protein Shakes Power up Vitamin Recharge bars Units 15000 15000 7000 Selling Price per unit $ 7.80 $ 9.50 $ 5.60 Sales $ 117,000.00 $ 142,500.00 $ 39,200.00 Less: Variable costs Ingredient costs $ (46,500.00) $ (54,000.00) $ (19,250.00) packaging costs $ (5,250.00) $ (5,250.00) $ (350.00) Contribution $ 65,257.80 $ 83,259.50 $ 19,605.60 less: Fixed costs $ (58,783.78) $ (58,783.78) $ (27,432.43) Profit Before Tax $ 6,474.02 $ 24,475.72 $ (7,826.83) Less: tax @30% $ (1,942.20) $ (7,342.71) $ - Profit After tax $ 4,531.81 $ 17,133.00 $ (7,826.83) 2. Suggesting strategic alternative To: Retail head of Blackmores From: Strategic consultant Date: 18/09/2016 Subject: suggestion of alternative strategic initiatives Introduction In this memo, alternative strategic initiatives are suggested so that the required objectives could be achieved. The required objectives is to attain early breakeven of the company and increase profit of the company. Strategic initiatives The breakeven level can be reached early either by increasing contribution or by reducing fixed cost. The increase in contribution involves reducing variable costs or increase in sales price. The increase in sales price will reduce the competitive edge of the company so increasing sales price is not an option (Aoki Nguyen, 2014). The company can reduce costs but cost reduction involves reduction of excess expenses. If the company is incurring excess expenses then it should be reduced to improve the profit and achieve early breakeven sales. The other option is to increase the sales. On analyzing the statement of profit after tax, it can be seen that all the products except recharge is making a net profit (Fullerton et al., 2013). The Recharge bar has a positive contribution but it is making a net loss. These situations can be improved by increasing the sales of recharge bar that will increase contribution and eliminate loss. The Recharge bar attains no profit no loss at the level 271 81 units. Therefore, the company should at least sell these units to reduce costs and increase profit. Conclusion Based on the above analysis it is suggested that the company should increase its sell to increase the profits. The revised estimates show that the company will increase its overall profit by this strategy. The calculation is shown in the appendices. Reference Adams, C. (2013). 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Sample Essay For Unix Security

Sample Essay For Unix SecurityA sample essay for Unix security is required for college students, as well as for those professionals who have to know about Unix operating system. In this article, I am going to discuss about how to write a sample essay for Unix security and about the format that you need to use when writing it. After reading this article, you will be able to write your own, suitable essay for the Unix security professionals.The first thing that you need to do when you are writing your essay is to choose a topic that you are very familiar with. You should take some time to understand the whole concept of Unix operating system before you write your essay. You may consider that it would be really easy for you to understand this topic since you already know Unix system. However, if you don't know anything about the whole idea of Unix operating system, you should still learn it by reading its documentation.After you have finished learning the Unix system, you can now procee d to write your essay. It would be a good idea for you to start by listing down a list of topics that you want to write about. To make your topic list, you can choose the top three topics that you want to cover.Next, you should write your topic by choosing the three top topics. As you continue to write, you should list down all the other topics that you want to write about. Write down all the topics that you want to write about and how they are related to the topics that you listed above. After you are done with writing your sample essay for Unix security, you should list them down so that you can review them later and decide which topic is more suitable for your topic list.The last thing that you need to do when you are writing your essay is to read the sample essays and be familiar with the topics that were written in those essays. The key to being familiar with your topic is to read it many times and take note of what you feel you missed or what you want to add in. By doing this, you will be able to determine the best topic for your essay.The last thing that you need to do when you are writing your sample essay for Unix security is to draft your essay by using the provided form. There are many kinds of sample essays for Unix security and you can choose one that you find interesting. Then, you should follow the guidelines and format that are provided in that form.Last but not least, you should also edit your sample essay for Unix security by making the necessary changes. You should try to make it more formal and it should also have a proper structure.Writing a sample essay for Unix security is not as hard as you think. All you need to do is to follow the instructions mentioned above and be familiar with the topic that you are writing about. After you do this, you should get to the point where you are ready to write your essay.

The Importance of the arts in schools Essay Example For Students

The Importance of the arts in schools Essay The Importance of the arts in schools ay: Edwin rexes The arts in my opinion are one of the greatest things most American schools can offer _ Some people believe that the arts arent needed in schools because supposedly they re useless. But guess what, Im here to prove those people wrong. Personally could tell you plenty Of reasons the arts are extremely helpful for students all over America. Now that I think about it why dont I tell you! You know What Will and by the time Im done With this essay youll be completely convinced that the arts are significant and completely necessary. The first reason he arts are beneficial would have to be that the arts encourage kids to build self-confidence. I mean if you havent noticed kids these days care more about what others think of them than what they think of themselves. This happens a lot because many of these kids or students lack self-confidence. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of the arts in schools specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But when some students decide to enroll in lets say a theatre class and they discover that having fun and exploring new ways of art can help them forget their insecurities, People may think that a student gaining self-confidence means nothing and there wrong because that means a lot, Besides that the fact that a simple theatre class can hang how a student sees themselves and make them feel confident that my friend is truly beautiful. The second reason why the arts are useful for schools is that the arts help students improve their learning success. In fact a University in California did a study using 25,000 middle and high school students and they found that the students participating in the arts did better on Standardized tests than those who werent. Besides that the arts help with learning because the teachers who teach the arts always make sure to motivate their students and that actually really helps. Also the arts help teach more reading and language kills, thinking skills, and even social skills. Most importantly the arts contain positive school environment because everyone in the arts are in forced to respect each other. Meaning that students can feel comfortable going to school without troubles but With peace! The final reason Why the arts are beneficial is that the arts help students express themselves. Many students find it hard to express themselves. But with the arts expressing yourself can be as easy as reciting the A, B, CSS. The more students that choose to express themselves through the arts. The easier it becomes to try new things. I mean what better than the arts to express yourself! You can sing your feelings, write about them or act about them so many possibilities! That was my third and final reason on how the arts are beneficial. Now those are all three reasons on how the arts are beneficial and helpful to schools. My point is that the arts are amazing and that they can help students in so many ways, I hope that now you are convinced that the arts are one tooth most marvelous things we have in American schools.

Syd Barrett and the Music of Pink Floyd free essay sample

This paper covers many areas of the band Pink Floyd while discussing the roles of the members of the band. Focus is on Syd Barrett. This paper discusses the band called Pink Floyd. The author looks at the formation of the band, the members as well as some of the bands successes. The description focuses on the main member named Syd Barret and his impact on the band. Pink Floyd is well known as one of the most successful rock bands of all time. The band has managed to span its success over four decades, beginning from its first album in 1965 all the way until its latest album, Echoes, which is expected to be no less successful than any of the other Pink Floyd albums (Williamson 1). While it may be argued that the key to Pink Floyds real success came from the members who were in the band while they produced successful albums, the inspiration for those albums came from Syd, and the band itself was a creation of Syd Barrett. We will write a custom essay sample on Syd Barrett and the Music of Pink Floyd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Syds short but witty career did not last long, but he will remain a legend in the history of rock. Syd Barrett was one of the brightest and most influential music figures of the Psychedelic Rock era.